Chemical Science International Journal

Nutritional Contributions to the Physical-Chemical and Biochemical Properties of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Leaves Grown in South Benin

Togbe Finagnon Crepin Alexis — 2020-10-02

The objective of this study was to determine some physico-chemical and biochemical parameters of the leaves of a sweet variety of cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) grown in South Benin, particularly in the regions of Pobè, Adja-ouèrè and Kétou, in order to assess their nutritional value. The results revealed that cassava leaves are a good source of fiber, the vitamin C content of the leaves varied from 69.48 to 75.16 mg/100 g of fresh matter; beta-carotene, varied from 1970 to 2347 μg/100 g of fresh matter. They were also rich in mineral elements with potassium values ranging from 18784 to 23542 mg/100 g of fresh matter. The calcium content varied from 1065 to 1260 mg / 100 g dry matter, and the phosphorus content varied from 1369 to 2410 mg / 100 g of dry matter. The magnesium content ranged from 1330 to 1680 mg / 100 g of dry matter. The iron content varied from 13 to 15 mg / 100 g of dry matter. The protein content was more than 30%. These leaves are good sources of carbohydrates with contents ranging from 160 to 170 mg / 100 g of dry matter for reducing sugars and 1340 to 1630 mg / 100 g of dry matter for total sugars. The analysis of these parameters revealed that cassava leaves are an important nutritional intake due to their high content of vitamin C and beta carotene, minerals, and soluble and insoluble fibers that have a beneficial effect on the intestinal mucosa. In view of these various benefits, it would be appropriate to encourage the population to consume cassava leaves because they have a very high nutritional value.

Chemical Composition of Anthocleista vogelii and Anti-oxidant Effect of Its Methanolic and Acetone Extracts

E. E. Ikpe — 2020-10-21

This study entailed determination of chemical composition of Anthocleista vogelii and anti-oxidant effect of its methanolic and acetone extract. The phytochemical screening of Anthocleista vogelii showed quantitatively the presence of alkaloids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Saponins, Glycoside and phenols. The results from the proximate analysis indicated that the plant contained some important nutrient such as carbohydrate with percentage content of 16.07 – 34.67%, lipid 5.40 – 7.35%, and crude protein 2.23 – 2.41%. The mineral element analysis showed that potassium (K) was 32.6 – 41.1 mg/kg, sodium (Na) 5.41- 6.21 mg/kg, calcium 9.74 – 17.81 mg/kg, magnesium (mg) 5.71 – 32.0 mg/kg and Zn 0.32 – 0.68 mg/kg. The acetone and methanol leaves, stem bark and roots extracts of Anthocleista Vogelii exhibited reasonable scavenging activity in the DPPH (1, 1- diphenyl – 2- picrlhydrazyl) assay. The methnaolic extracts had a better inhibiting ability than acetone extract which could be attributed to higher content of tannin and Saponin in methanolic than acetone extract. The results were discussed with referenced to World Health Organization (WHO) standard of nutritional and medicinal values.

Removal of Lead Ions from Waste Water Using Modified Jordanian Zeolite

Hutaf M. Baker — 2020-11-09

In this study a Jordanian Zeolite was modified using anionic surfactant which is sodium dodecyl sulfate (sodium dodecyl sulfate). The sorption of Pb(II) from synthetic wastewater by surfactant modified Zeolite (SMZ) was investigated as a function of temperature. The experimental data was analysed using isotherm models namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Temkin and kinetic models such as the pseudo- second-order, intraparticle diffusion and the Elovich models in order to understand the mechanism of the interaction between this SMZ and the lead ions. All the isotherm models showed good correlation with the experimental results but Freundlich was the best. The calculated DH was obtained using Langmuir constant (a_L), its value of 8.29kJ/mol revealed that the type of sorption is physical oneThe values of R_L at all temperatures reflect the favorability of this interaction. The calculated activation energy was 21.126 kJ/mol using the pseudo-second order constant (k₂), which indicates that the sorption is physisorption. The intraparticle diffusion model showed multilinearity which means multiple stages there occurred to achieve the removal of lead ions, the first linear curve is due to the boundary layer diffusion and the second linear curve isfor the intraparticle diffusion effect. The adsorption kinetics data fitted also Elovich model.