Chemical Science International Journal

In the present scenario drug discovery and development processes are expensive and time consuming. To resolve this, we utilised the Lipinski’s rule (Ro5) methodology, which appears to be useful in defining drugability. In the present investigation, we reported the synthesis and evolution of antibacterial activity of title compounds and according to Rule of 5 series, twenty novel ((R)-dimethyl (hydroxy(4-((1-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)methyl)phosphonate-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were subjected to molecular properties prediction, drug likeness by Molinspiration (Molinspiration, 2020) and Molsoft (Molsoft, 2020)  software.

Eleven sets of organic and inorganic coloured reduction-oxidation (coredox) reactions (organic and inorganic chemical reactions that can show change in colour brightness after undergo redox reaction) were used during these research findings. All were carried out under suitable condition in order to see if the compounds that exist as coloured compounds before reaction, after reaction or both will become brighter or darker when undergo reduction or oxidation respectively. Six sets of this reaction type which include both organic and inorganic species showed special results. In which, all the targeted species gained electrons, their oxidation number decreased in positive direction and colour of species became brighter after reaction by increased in colour brightness. While in last five sets, which also include both organic and inorganic species showed their own results in which all the targeted species donated electrons, their oxidation number increased in positive direction, colour of species became darker after reaction by decreased in colour brightness. Series and repeated number of observations (more than 20 times) were made before recording any changed in colour brightness. Therefore, for all pure form of chemical species that can undergo any one of the coloured reduction-oxidation (coredox) reaction, brightness formation of the product after reaction implies reduction while darkness, oxidation.

In this study, treated coffee ground wastes (CGW) was evaluated for adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from contaminated solution using contact time, initial dye concentrations, adsorbent dose, and solution temperature as operational factors. The adsorbent was treated using chemical activation with potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃), followed by thermomechanical treatment via an extrusion process. The characterization study of the adsorbent was conducted using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. The adsorption equilibrium was reached after 30 min for MB and it was observed also that adsorption capacity decreased but percentage removal increased with increases in adsorbent mass. The maximum adsorption capacity of K₂CO₃-coffee powder was found to be 169.49 mg/g.