Determination of the Physicochemical Parameters and Pollution Indices in Soils of Obodo Community in Delta State, Nigeria
Chemical Science International Journal, Volume 32, Issue 1,
Page 43-56
DOI:
10.9734/CSJI/2023/v32i1833
Abstract
Oil and gas activities are one of the environmental concerns in the crude oil-rich areas of the Niger Delta. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical level and some pollution indices in the soils of the Obodo community in Delta State to ascertain if there is an anthropogenic influence on the soil quality. Soil samples were collected from 14 sampling stations and 2 control stations during the wet and dry seasons from two soil depths (topsoil, 0 - 15cm) and (subsoil, 15-30cm) according to standard methods and procedures. The study results revealed elevated concentrations of total hydrocarbon content, polyaromatic hydrocarbon, total petroleum hydrocarbon and sulphate with mean values of 138.45 mg/kg (topsoil) and 147.66 mg/kg (subsoil); 52.62 mg/kg (topsoil) and 30.01 mg/kg (subsoil); 229.95 mg/kg (topsoil) and 160.33 mg/kg (subsoil); 54.89 mg/kg (topsoil) and 44.88 mg/kg (subsoil) during the wet season respectively; and mean values of 172.94 mg/kg (topsoil) and 151.46 mg/kg (subsoil); 11.11 mg/kg (topsoil) and 10.25 mg/kg (subsoil); 19.63 mg/kg (topsoil) and 17.99 mg/kg (subsoil); 22.57 mg/kg (topsoil) and 19.95 mg/kg (subsoil) during the dry season respectively. The high concentrations observed in this study indicates anthropogenic influence that may be due to oil spillage, emission from vehicle exhaust, incomplete combustion of coal, and the use of inorganic fertilizer. The results of the index of geo-accumulation and contamination factor showed that the levels of heavy metals were those of unpolluted soil except for the cadmium concentration observed in the topsoil of the study area, which showed moderate pollution during the wet season. The low pH values and a higher percentage of sand in the soil infer that the low heavy metals concentration observed in this study may be due to cations leaching down the aquifer which requires further studies to examine the groundwater quality.
- Heavy metal
- pollution indices
- crude oil
- Obodo community
How to Cite
References
Nnaji JC, Egwu AC. Physicochemical characteristics of oil spill impacted agricultural soils in three areas of the Niger Delta. Singapore Journal of Scientific Research 2020;10:137-144.
Osuji LC, Samuel AO. Extractable hydrocarbons, nickel and vanadium contents of ogbodo-isiokpo oil spill polluted soils in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2005;110:129–139.
Vineethkumar VV, Sayooj VV, Shimod KP, Prakash V. Estimation of pollution indices and hazard evaluation from trace elements concentration in coastal sediments of Kerala, Southwest Coast of India. Bulletin of the National Research Centre. 2020;44:198.
Ibrahim AM Soil pollution: origin, monitoring and remediation. 2nd Edition. Springer; 2004.
Pashin YV, Bakhitova LM. Mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Health Perspect. 1979;30;185-9.
Gan S, Lau EV, NG HK Remediation of soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Journal of harzadous Material. 2009;172(2):532-549.
Hinrich LB, George AO, Brian LM Soil Chemistry. 3rd Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2001.
Gary MP, Thomas JS, George FV Soil and Environmental Quality. 3rd Edition. CRC Press; 2005.
Ray RW, Nyle CB The Nature and Properties of Soils. 15th Edition. Pearson; 2017.
Karlen DL, Mausbach MJ, Doran JW, Cline RG, Harris RF, Schuman GE Soil quality: a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation. Soil Science American Journal. 1997;61:4–10.
Daniel H, Cynthia R, David P, Kate S, Michail S, Donald S Encyclopedia of soils in the environment. 1st Edition. Elsevier/Academia Press; 2004.
Akan JC, Audu SI, Mohammed Z, Ogugbuaja VO Assessment of heavy metals, ph, organic matter and organic carbon in roadside soil in makurdi metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Protection. 2013;4:618 -628.
Ahmad P. Plant metal interaction emergency remediation techniques. 1st Edition. Elsevier, 2016.
Rietz DN, Haynes RJ. Effects of irrigation-induced salinity and sodicity on soil microbial activity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2003;35(6):845–854.
Richard VP, Deborah SP, Toral P, Linda HG Forest and rangeland soils of the united states under changing conditions: A comprehensive Science Synthesis. 1st Edition. Springer International Publishing; 2020.
Puyate YT, Rim-Rukeh A. Some physico-chemical and biological characteristics of soil and water samples of part of the Niger Delta area, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 2008;12(2):135–141.
Adaikpoh EO. Distribution and enrichment of heavy metals in soils from waste dump sites within imoru and environs, Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science 2013;3(14):45–54.
Amadi AN, Ebieme EE, Musa A, Olashinde PI, Ameh IM, Shuaibu AM Utility indices in assessment of soil quality around madaga gold mining site, Niger State, Northern – Central Nigeria Ife. Journal of Science 2017;19(2):417–430.
Ayobami OA, Allen TE, Azibaola KI, Sylvester C. Assessment of some selected heavy metals and their pollution indices in an oil spill contaminated soil in the Niger Delta: a case of Rumuolukwu community. Biotechnol Research. 2017;3(1):11-19.
Muller G Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geol J. 1969;2(3):108–118.
Christos N, Ilias Z, Vasileios M, Theodore C. Heavy metal pollution associated with an abandoned lead – zinc mine in the kirki region, NE Greece. Bulletin for Environmental Contamination and Toxicology; 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-0079-9
Jimoh A, Agbaji EB, Ajibola VO, Funtua MA. Application of pollution load indices, enrichment factors, contamination factor and health risk assessment of heavy metals pollution of soils of welding workshops at old panteka market, Kaduna-Nigeria. Open Journal of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2020;4(1):011-019.
Sharhabil MY, Fatima A, Nafu A. Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils Of Selected Villages In Zamfara State, Nigeria. Springer Nature Applied Sciences 2021;3:168 Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04175-6
NUPRC. Environmental guidelines and standards for the petroleum industry in Nigeria. Lagos; 2002.
Okon IE, Ogba CO. The impacts of crude oil exploitation on soil in some parts of ogoni region, rivers state. Southern Nigeria Open Access Library Journal. 2018;5: e4297. Available:https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104297
Pikuła D, Stepien W. Effect of the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals on their mobility in the soil profile in a microplot experiment. Agronomy. 2021;11, 878. Available:https://doi.org/ 10.3390/agronomy1105087
Olayinka OO, Akande OO, Bamgbose K, Adetunji MT. Physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal levels in soil samples obtained from selected anthropogenic sites in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management. 2017;21(5):883-891.
Iwegbue CM, Bassey FI, Tesi GO, Nwajei GE, Tsafe AI. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around cassava processing mills in sub-urban areas of Delta State, Southern Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Basic and Applied Science. 2013;21(2):96-104.
Ogbonnaya I, Ngwoke M, Ukah UB, Ubido OE. Assessment of the physicochemical qualities of groundwater and soils around oil producing communities in Afam, area of Porthacourt, Niger Delta Nigeria. Applied Water Science. 2021;11:74. Available:https:// doi.org/10.1007/s13201- 021-01393-6.
Wang X, Feng J, Zhao J. Effect of crude oil residuals on soil chemical properties in oil sites, Momoge wetland, China. Environ Monit Assess. 2009;161(1–4):271–280.
Onojake MC, Frank O. Assessment of heavy metals in a soil contaminated by oil spill: a case study in Nigeria. Chemistry and Ecology. 2013;3(29):246–254.
Xiaoyang L, Zhongke B, Qinfei Y, Yingui C, Wei Z. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil profiles (0–100 cm) from the industrial district of a large open-pit coal mine, China Royal Society of chemistry. 2017;7:28029 – 28037.
Tsibart AS, Gennadiev AN. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils: Sources, Behavior, and Indication Significance (A Review) Eurasian Soil Science. 2013; 7(46):728–741.
Adewuyi GO, Etchie AT, Etchie OT. Evaluation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) and some related heavy metals in soil and groundwater of ubeji settlement, Warri Metropolis, Nigeria. Terrestrial and Aquatic Environmental Toxicology. 2012;6(1):61-6 .
Ogeh JS, Uzu F, Obi-Ijeh OD. Distribution of sulphur in soils formed from different parent materials in Southern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science. 2012;20(1):73-77.
Osakwe SA. Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics of soils in the flood disaster affected areas of isoko region of Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Chemistry. 2014;5(1):24-31.
Amusan A, Ige D, Olawale R. Characteristics of soils and crops’ uptake of metals in municipal waste dump sites in Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology. 2005;17(3):167–171.
Akporido SO, Asagba SO. Quality Characteristics of soil close to the benin river in the vicinity of a lubricating oil producing factory, koko, Nigeria. International Journal of Soil Science 2013;18(1):1 -16.
Salman AS, Salah AMZ, El-Montser MS, Mahmoud AA. Soil characterization and heavy metal pollution assessment in Orabi farms, El Obour, Egypt. Bulletin of the National Research Centre 2019;43:42 Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0082-1
Nwaichi OE, Chuku LC, Ighoavwogan E. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and selected heavy metals in some oil polluted sites in delta state Nigeria. Journal of Environment Protection. 2016;7:1389 – 1410.
Edori OS, Nna PJ. Determination of physicochemical parameters of effluents at discharge points into the new calabar river along rumuolumeni axis, port harcourt, rivers state, niger delta, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology 2018;8:585. DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000585
-
Abstract View: 31 times
PDF Download: 24 times
