Investigation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil from Auto-mobile Mechanic Workshops within Ikot Akpaden, Mkpat Enin L.G.A Akwa Ibom State Nigeria
Chemical Science International Journal, Volume 32, Issue 2,
Page 22-29
DOI:
10.9734/CSJI/2023/v32i2842
Abstract
This study investigates the concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and total hydrocarbon content (THC) in soil samples from auto-mobile mechanic workshop in Ikot Akpaden, Mkpat Enin. Soil samples were collected in triplicate at different points within the vicinity of auto-mobile mechanic workshop at Ikot Akpaden represented as site A and control samples were obtained within the frontage of Chemistry Department, AKSU represented as site C. Soxhlet extraction and shaking methods were used for the extraction of the total petroleum hydrocarbons and total hydrocarbon content respectively. Each of the sample extracts were purified using column chromatography to remove moisture, polar hydrocarbons, colour interferences and any impurities before GC analysis. Total petroleum hydrocarbons and THC were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC-FID) and UV-VISIBLE spectrophotometer respectively. The results obtained from TPH analysis indicates that; 15,223.4 mg/kg was recorded from the auto-mobile mechanic workshop and 808.507 mg/kg was recorded from the control samples. The results from the two stations were higher than the department of petroleum resources (DPR) permissible limit of 50 mg/Kg for soils. There was significant difference in the concentration of total hydrocarbon content, the result obtained showed that, the three sampling point at the mechanic workshop has THC level in the order; A1>A3>A2. The concentration of THC obtained in the three points were greater than the 0.6 mg/Kg limit of total hydrocarbons content allowed by the DPR. The study revealed that the soils were polluted as a result of indiscriminate disposal of waste petroleum products (used engine oil, petrol, diesel and other lubricants) directly on the soil, as well as dumping and burning of waste at the auto-mobile mechanic workshops. Hence, there is need for a holistic and sustainable monitoring and remediation of the environment for a cleaner and healthier environment.
- Total hydrocarbon content
- soil
- total petroleum hydrocarbon
- remediation
How to Cite
References
Kidman RL, Boehlecke R. Evaluating petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. WM Conference. 2011;22(1):23-8.
Osarumwense JO, Igiebor FA, Idahosa DE. Isolation, Characterization and Identification of Bacterial isolates from Auto-mechanic Workshop contaminated with hydrocarbon. Pac J Sci Technol. 2019;20(1):349-55.
Ololade IA. An Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils within auto-mechanic workshops using enrichment and contamination factors with geoaccumulation indexes. J Environ Prot. 2014;5:970-82.
Ibe FC, Opara AI, Ibe BO, Amaobi CE. Application of assessment models for pollution and health risk from effluent discharge into a tropical stream: A case study of Inyishi River, Southeastern Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess. 2019; 191(12):753.
Ubong UU, Ekwere IO, Ikpe EE, Obadimu CO. Heavy metals and total hydrocarbon content of Nypa fruticans grown along shores of Qua –Iboe River, Akwa Ibom state,Nigeria. Chem Sci Int J. 2022;31(5): 11-8.
Ekanen A, Ikpe E, Ekwere I. Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons levels in soil around automobile repair workshops within Eket Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Int J Res Sci Innov (IJRSI). 2019;6:102.
ISSN 2321-2705
Ikpe EE, Ekwere IO, Ukpong EG, Effiong JO, Okon EO. Evaluation of the levels of heavy metals, total petroleum hydrocarbon and total hydrocarbon content in tympanotomus fuscatus and Sediment, Qua Iboe River [Journal]. 2019;27(4):1-17. Available:https://doi:10.9734/CSJI/2019/v27i43012.
Nwachukwu MA, Feng H, Alinnor J, Nwachukwu MA. Comparative analysis of trace metal pollution parity between sandy and shaly soils; Evidence from two mechanic villages in the Imo River basin. Environ Earth Sci. 2012;65(3):765-74.
USEPA. Provisional peer-reviewed toxicity values for complex mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2009;9-30. Available from: https://EPA/690/R-09/059F
Edori ES, Edori OS, Wodi C. Assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbons content of soils within estate and works departments of three universities in Port Harcourt housing heavy-duty generators. Biomed J Sci Technol Res. 2020; 30(1). Available:https://doi:10.26717/BJSTR.2020.30.004894.
Ubong UU, Ekwere IO, Ikpe EE. Risk and toxicity assessment of heavy metals in tympanotomus fuscatus and sediment from Iko River, Akwa Ibom, state, Nigeria. Int J Environ Clim Change. 2020;10(3):38-47.
Ikpe EE, Ubong UU, Archibong UD. Proximate analysis, heavy metals hydrocarbon content of Callinectes sapidus obtained from Ibaka River, Akwa Ibom,state. Nigeria: REJOST. 2022; 32-42.
US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Crude and petroleum products; 2011.
Cortes JE, Suspes A, Roa S, Gonzalez C, Castro HE. Total petroleum hydrocarbon by Gas chromatography in Colombia waters and soil. Am J Environ Sci. 2012;8(4):396-402.
Alinnor IJ, Nwachukwu MA. Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbon in soil and groundwater samples in some communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. J Environ Chem Ecotoxicol. 2013;5(11):292-7.
Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). National guidelines and standards for soil quality in Nigeria. Port Harcourt: FEPA, Rivers State Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; 1999.
Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR). Soil/Sediment target and intervention values for mineral oil (or TPH), Environmental guidelines and standards for the petroleum industry in Nigeria, (EGASPIN). Lagos, Nigeria. 2002;2(1): 1415.
Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR). Environmental guidelines and standards for the petroleum industry in Nigeria; 2019.
Olubokola TI. Doris, F. O,Felix, E.O. Bull GeogrEnvironmental and climate change adaptation research. 2015. Consideration of the groundwater quality in Effurun Metropolis;4:1-40.
Ogbeifun DE, Archibong UD, Chiedu IE, Ikpe EE. Assessment of water quality of boreholes in selected areas in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. Chem Sci Int J. 2019;28(2):1-13.
Okuo JM. Utilization of agricultural residues and biomass in the removal of toxic metal from aqueous solutions and water quality appraisal of Niger Delta coastal aquifer. Bull Geogr Environmental and Climate Change Adaptation Research. 2015;4:41-93.
Okop IJ, Ekpo SC. Determination of total hydrocarbon content in soil after petroleum spillage. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 3. 2012;1-2.
ISSN: 2078-0966.
Akomah ON, Osayande AD. Evaluation of hydrocarbons level and identification of indigenous bacteria in soil from auto-mechanic workshops along Ikokwu Mechanic Village, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Environ Manag. 2017;22(1): 115-8.
Edori ES, Kpee F. Total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in surface water from Taylor Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria. Chem Res J. 2019;4(5): 1-8.
Khan MAI, Biswas B, Smith E, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Toxicity assessment of fresh and weathered petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil- A review. Chemosphere. 2018;212:755-67.
Wang ZD, Fingas M, Page DS. Oil spill identification. J Chromatogr A. 1999;843(1-2):369-411. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00120-X
-
Abstract View: 401 times
PDF Download: 13 times
